Congenital heart defects are structural abnormalities of the heart that develop before birth. These defects can range from minor issues that do not require treatment to more complex conditions that require surgical intervention. Some common types of congenital heart defects include atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, and Tetralogy of Fallot. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes of congenital heart defects, improving diagnostic techniques, developing new treatments and therapies, and ultimately improving outcomes for individuals born with these conditions. Researchers may study genetic factors, environmental influences, and potential risk factors that contribute to the development of congenital heart defects. They may also explore innovative surgical techniques, medications, and interventions to help individuals with these conditions live longer, healthier lives.